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VIRTUAL TESTING / CDS WORKBENCH

ASTM D7136 · Impact-energy assessment

Assesses how a composite plate resists localized drop-weight impact damage and can prepare specimens for later damage-tolerance testing.

Analytical / measured-data assessment

Official ASTM D7136/D7136M-25 ↗

Open this exercise in Workbench ↗

CDS sign-in and suitable licensed access may be required.

Recorded instructional case · Workbench captures and saved calculation data, October 2026. This website preview does not run the test.

01

Impact inputs and linked coupon

Actual Workbench D7136 impact-energy assessment setup
Recorded Workbench setup or assessment view · Full-size capture ↗
02

Calculated assessment

Input-based impact energy assessment

Energy (J)

Recorded instructional case. Energy metric versus Energy (J). Exact saved values are available in the table below.107.552.50100.6259.375
IncidentReboundNot returned

Energy metric

View plotted values
Input-based impact energy assessment — recorded values
SeriesEnergy metricEnergy (J)
Native assessmentIncident10
Native assessmentRebound0.625
Native assessmentNot returned9.375

Energy not returned to the striker includes fixture and other losses. It is not all absorbed damage energy.

03

Set up in CDS

  1. Link the impact coupon geometry and laminate thickness.
  2. Enter measured mass, incident speed and rebound speed.
  3. Calculate incident and returned kinetic energy.
  4. Report energy not returned to the striker.
Measured impact mass and velocitiesSeparate impact-energy and CAI-strength assessmentsNon-returned energy includes fixture and other losses
Inputs for this recorded case
  • Impactor mass 5 kg
  • Incident speed 2 m/s
  • Rebound speed 0.5 m/s
  • Linked coupon 150 × 100 × 2 mm

These are teaching-case inputs, not ASTM-prescribed specimen dimensions or acceptance criteria.

04

Readout & interpretation

Incident kinetic energy
10 J
Rebound kinetic energy
0.625 J
Energy not returned to striker
9.375 J

Measured impact-energy assessment. Contact history and damage area are excluded.

About this ASTM reference

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event

Active catalog edition checked October 10, 2026. The official standard defines the physical method; the CDS example below has a narrower modeling scope. Full procedures remain on ASTM’s site.

Find this setup in Workbench

Opens the connected guided study. Select the matching ASTM setup in the Test menu to inspect its fixture.

Center-impact model comparisons

These saved CDS calculations supplement the measured-energy assessment above. A single plate bending mode interacts with a moving striker through local Hertz contact. The case defines support spans, edge restraint, mass, impact speed and contact coefficient.

Native CDS mounted center-impact plate, hemispherical striker and linked drop tower
Connected drop tower and center-impact fixture in Workbench.

D7136-25 · Elastic center impact

Elastic center impact using one CLT plate mode and local Hertz contact. No damage, permanent indentation, membrane stiffening or residual strength is predicted.

Contact force history

Force (N)

Recorded instructional case. Time (ms) versus Force (N). Exact saved values are available in the table below.1,65101,2392.817825.75.634412.98.451011.27

Time (ms)

View plotted values
Contact force history — recorded values
SeriesTime (ms)Force (N)
Contact force history00
Contact force history0.02816948001489782633.34250286534837
Contact force history0.0563389600297956588.2697751299614
Contact force history0.08450844004469349141.6536695877144
Contact force history0.1126779200595913177.11429145488822
Contact force history0.14084740007448912189.05981561135903
Contact force history0.16901688008938698184.6434224013603
Contact force history0.19718636010428478178.64029046800684
Contact force history0.2253558401191826186.11325243064806
Contact force history0.2535253201340804218.16855540141248
Contact force history0.28169480014897824279.7426968218815
Contact force history0.30986428016387607365.6746470427773
Contact force history0.33803376017877396457.7338804848899
Contact force history0.3662032401936718529.9846018887396
Contact force history0.39437272020856956563.1711604922031
Contact force history0.4225422002234674557.7334113153786
Contact force history0.4507116802383652534.0763088467328
Contact force history0.47888116025326305520.5757765379153
Contact force history0.5070506402681608540.0189129755227
Contact force history0.5352201202830587601.6597701026807
Contact force history0.5633896002979565697.31290889968
Contact force history0.5915590803128543801.1201576915689
Contact force history0.6197285603277521878.8084973816476
Contact force history0.6478980403426501906.8361766411151
Contact force history0.6760675203575479888.3345536183726
Contact force history0.7042370003724457851.649903840104
Contact force history0.7324064803873436833.1952853110878
Contact force history0.7605759604022413858.97279797866
Contact force history0.7887454404171391934.0281040233853
Contact force history0.8169149204320371039.41924580633
Contact force history0.84508440044693481137.9157507513946
Contact force history0.87325388046183261192.1788447594363
Contact force history0.90142336047673041188.1266260221446
Contact force history0.92959284049162831145.014002014467
Contact force history0.95776232050652611103.0145584961408
Contact force history0.98593180052142391099.5687920283258
Contact force history1.01410128053632161151.1693463059594
Contact force history1.04227076055121961246.159600523428
Contact force history1.07044024056611731348.363805402598
Contact force history1.09860972058101521414.1336034495448
Contact force history1.1267792005959131418.5681402142125
Contact force history1.1549486806108111372.6265556722542
Contact force history1.18311816062570861315.9077429937774
Contact force history1.21128764064060631291.733748206643
Contact force history1.23945712065550431323.9147680526657
Contact force history1.2676266006704021405.8899349546393
Contact force history1.29579608068530021502.9866908146837
Contact force history1.32396556070019791569.0385144161216
Contact force history1.35213504071509581573.756159915309
Contact force history1.38030452072999351523.1951075080208
Contact force history1.40847400074489151455.6497693349681
Contact force history1.43664348075978921416.7510006285509
Contact force history1.46481296077468711433.8052266953778
Contact force history1.49298244078958491502.8884807899021
Contact force history1.52115192080448261590.4799841098459
Contact force history1.54932140081938051649.9863937007444
Contact force history1.57749088083427821649.2988054765906
Contact force history1.60566036084917621592.2389081692418
Contact force history1.6338298408640741515.7769146155345
Contact force history1.66199932087897181465.6031201016092
Contact force history1.69016880089386961469.928026637783
Contact force history1.71833828090876751526.0182783027642
Contact force history1.74650776092366521601.691905470501
Contact force history1.7746772409385631651.4832296925365
Contact force history1.80284672095346091643.3922566803171
Contact force history1.83101620096835861579.9544742326348
Contact force history1.85918568098325651496.1513530572913
Contact force history1.88735516099815431436.1425192336146
Contact force history1.91552464101305221427.8341423887339
Contact force history1.943694121027951469.7021474413011
Contact force history1.97186360104284791532.0655221553438
Contact force history2.00003308105774561572.0061709477175
Contact force history2.02820256107264331558.1747856731079
Contact force history2.05637204108754151490.9775841722205
Contact force history2.0845415211024391401.778533301661
Contact force history2.1127110011173371331.9632541056126
Contact force history2.14088048113223461309.11782443768
Contact force history2.16904996114713231334.2708681610186
Contact force history2.19721944116203051382.328409024329
Contact force history2.2253889211769281414.4415679192055
Contact force history2.2535584011918261399.5897949353512
Contact force history2.28172788120672371333.862359700634
Contact force history2.3098973612216221242.4234449473688
Contact force history2.33806684123651951162.5681160728336
Contact force history2.36623632125141731122.1115414928513
Contact force history2.3944058012663151126.6873970411996
Contact force history2.42257528128121271158.548476421819
Contact force history2.4507447612961111185.0809402027696
Contact force history2.47891424131100861175.6260240601334
Contact force history2.50708372132590631119.4374265315387
Contact force history2.5352532013408041031.9449156837284
Contact force history2.5634226813557026944.0351383160697
Contact force history2.5915921613706003883.6240893725295
Contact force history2.619761641385498862.5712339486042
Contact force history2.6479311214003958873.2842105863061
Contact force history2.6761006014152935892.8321511737155
Contact force history2.7042700814301917893.4056686506474
Contact force history2.7324395614450894856.8515617478433
Contact force history2.760609041459987785.0563665723355
Contact force history2.788778521474885697.9244033036318
Contact force history2.816948001489783620.6812188706488
Contact force history2.8451174815046807570.7567784859727
Contact force history2.8732869615195784551.773268441992
Contact force history2.901456441534476554.124351227286
Contact force history2.9296259215493743559.2758841927962
Contact force history2.957795401564272547.4335777195582
Contact force history2.9859648815791697507.2054099420642
Contact force history3.0141343615940674441.6344026921
Contact force history3.042303841608965365.6056752150843
Contact force history3.0704733216238633296.60613351748907
Contact force history3.098642801638761246.11245322067145
Contact force history3.1268122816536588216.6182905727402
Contact force history3.1549817616685565203.2711497204761
Contact force history3.1831512416834546196.6774839933154
Contact force history3.2113207216983524185.8853251304073
Contact force history3.23949020171325162.39095160049192
Contact force history3.267659681728148124.20823623570374
Contact force history3.295829161743045577.15433409380041
Contact force history3.323998641757943732.17729811835259
Contact force history3.35216812177284142.136906170626758
Contact force history3.3803376017877390
Contact force history3.4085070818026370
Contact force history3.4366765618175350
Contact force history3.46484604183243270
Contact force history3.49301552184733040
Contact force history3.5211850018622280
Contact force history3.5493544818771260
Contact force history3.5775239618920240
Contact force history3.60569344190692180
Contact force history3.63386292192181950
Contact force history3.6620324019367170
Contact force history3.69020188195161540
Contact force history3.7183713619665130
Contact force history3.7465408419814110
Contact force history3.77471032199630850
Contact force history3.80287980201120670
Contact force history3.83104928202610440
Contact force history3.8592187620410020
Contact force history3.88738824205590
Contact force history3.9155577220707980
Contact force history3.94372720208569570
Contact force history3.9718966821005940
Contact force history4.0000661621154910
Contact force history4.0282356421303890
Contact force history4.0564051221452870
Contact force history4.0845746021601850
Contact force history4.1127440821750830
Contact force history4.1409135621899810
Contact force history4.1690830422048780
Contact force history4.19725252221977650
Contact force history4.2254220022346740
Contact force history4.2535914822495720
Contact force history4.2817609622644690
Contact force history4.3099304422793670
Contact force history4.3380999222942650
Contact force history4.3662694023091640
Contact force history4.3944388823240610
Contact force history4.4226083623389590
Contact force history4.4507778423538560
Contact force history4.4789473223687550
Contact force history4.5071168023836520
Contact force history4.535286282398550
Contact force history4.5634557624134470
Contact force history4.59162524242834550
Contact force history4.6197947224432440
Contact force history4.6479642024581420
Contact force history4.6761336824730390
Contact force history4.7043031624879370
Contact force history4.73247264250283450
Contact force history4.7606421225177330
Contact force history4.788811602532630
Contact force history4.8169810825475280
Contact force history4.8451505625624250
Contact force history4.8733200425773240
Contact force history4.9014895225922220
Contact force history4.929659002607120
Contact force history4.9578284826220170
Contact force history4.9859979626369150
Contact force history5.0141674426518130
Contact force history5.0423369226667110
Contact force history5.0705064026816080
Contact force history5.0986758826965060
Contact force history5.1268453627114050
Contact force history5.15501484272630250
Contact force history5.1831843227412010
Contact force history5.2113538027560980
Contact force history5.2395232827709960
Contact force history5.2676927627858930
Contact force history5.29586224280079150
Contact force history5.3240317228156890
Contact force history5.3522012028305870
Contact force history5.3803706828454850
Contact force history5.4085401628603830
Contact force history5.4367096428752810
Contact force history5.4648791228901790
Contact force history5.4930486029050760
Contact force history5.5212180829199740
Contact force history5.54938756293487150
Contact force history5.577557042949770
Contact force history5.6057265229646680
Contact force history5.6338960029795660
Contact force history5.6620654829944630
Contact force history5.6902349630093610
Contact force history5.7184044430242590
Contact force history5.7465739230391570
Contact force history5.7747434030540540
Contact force history5.8029128830689520
Contact force history5.83108236308384950
Contact force history5.8592518430987490
Contact force history5.8874213231136460
Contact force history5.9155908031285440
Contact force history5.9437602831434410
Contact force history5.97192976315833950
Contact force history6.0000992431732370
Contact force history6.0282687231881350
Contact force history6.0564382032030320
Contact force history6.084607683217930
Contact force history6.11277716323282850
Contact force history6.1409466432477270
Contact force history6.1691161232626240
Contact force history6.1972856032775220
Contact force history6.2254550832924190
Contact force history6.25362456330731750
Contact force history6.2817940433222150
Contact force history6.3099635233371130
Contact force history6.338133003352010
Contact force history6.3663024833669090
Contact force history6.3944719633818070
Contact force history6.4226414433967050
Contact force history6.4508109234116020
Contact force history6.47898040342650
Contact force history6.5071498834413970
Contact force history6.5353193634562960
Contact force history6.5634888434711930
Contact force history6.5916583234860910
Contact force history6.6198278035009890
Contact force history6.6479972835158870
Contact force history6.6761667635307850
Contact force history6.7043362435456830
Contact force history6.732505723560580
Contact force history6.7606752035754780
Contact force history6.7888446835903760
Contact force history6.8170141636052740
Contact force history6.8451836436201720
Contact force history6.873353123635070
Contact force history6.9015226036499680
Contact force history6.9296920836648650
Contact force history6.9578615636797640
Contact force history6.9860310436946610
Contact force history7.0142005237095590
Contact force history7.0423700037244560
Contact force history7.07053948373935450
Contact force history7.0987089637542520
Contact force history7.1268784437691510
Contact force history7.1550479237840480
Contact force history7.1832174037989460
Contact force history7.21138688381384350
Contact force history7.2395563638287420
Contact force history7.2677258438436390
Contact force history7.2958953238585370
Contact force history7.3240648038734340
Contact force history7.3522342838883330
Contact force history7.3804037639032310
Contact force history7.4085732439181290
Contact force history7.4367427239330260
Contact force history7.4649122039479240
Contact force history7.4930816839628220
Contact force history7.521251163977720
Contact force history7.5494206439926170
Contact force history7.5775901240075150
Contact force history7.6057596040224130
Contact force history7.63392908403731150
Contact force history7.6620985640522090
Contact force history7.6902680440671070
Contact force history7.7184375240820040
Contact force history7.7466070040969020
Contact force history7.77477648411180
Contact force history7.8029459641266980
Contact force history7.8311154441415960
Contact force history7.8592849241564940
Contact force history7.8874544041713910
Contact force history7.9156238841862890
Contact force history7.9437933642011880
Contact force history7.9719628442160850
Contact force history8.0001323242309820
Contact force history8.028301804245880
Contact force history8.0564712842607790
Contact force history8.0846407642756760
Contact force history8.1128102442905730
Contact force history8.140979724305470
Contact force history8.169149204320370
Contact force history8.1973186843352670
Contact force history8.2254881643501660
Contact force history8.2536576443650630
Contact force history8.2818271243799620
Contact force history8.309996604394860
Contact force history8.3381660844097570
Contact force history8.3663355644246540
Contact force history8.3945050444395530
Contact force history8.422674524454450
Contact force history8.4508440044693480
Contact force history8.4790134844842450
Contact force history8.5071829644991440
Contact force history8.5353524445140410
Contact force history8.5635219245289380
Contact force history8.5916914045438380
Contact force history8.6198608845587350
Contact force history8.6480303645736320
Contact force history8.676199844588530
Contact force history8.7043693246034280
Contact force history8.7325388046183270
Contact force history8.7607082846332250
Contact force history8.7888777646481220
Contact force history8.8170472446630210
Contact force history8.8452167246779180
Contact force history8.8733862046928160
Contact force history8.9015556847077130
Contact force history8.9297251647226120
Contact force history8.957894644737510
Contact force history8.9860641247524060
Contact force history9.0142336047673040
Contact force history9.0424030847822030
Contact force history9.07057256479710
Contact force history9.0987420448119970
Contact force history9.1269115248268950
Contact force history9.1550810048417940
Contact force history9.1832504848566910
Contact force history9.2114199648715880
Contact force history9.2395894448864870
Contact force history9.2677589249013860
Contact force history9.2959284049162840
Contact force history9.324097884931180
Contact force history9.3522673649460780
Contact force history9.3804368449609770
Contact force history9.4086063249758740
Contact force history9.4367758049907720
Contact force history9.4649452850056690
Contact force history9.4931147650205680
Contact force history9.5212842450354650
Contact force history9.5494537250503630
Contact force history9.577623205065260
Contact force history9.6057926850801590
Contact force history9.6339621650950560
Contact force history9.6621316451099530
Contact force history9.690301125124850
Contact force history9.718470605139750
Contact force history9.7466400851546490
Contact force history9.7748095651695460
Contact force history9.8029790451844430
Contact force history9.8311485251993420
Contact force history9.859318005214240
Contact force history9.8874874852291370
Contact force history9.9156569652440340
Contact force history9.9438264452589330
Contact force history9.971995925273830
Contact force history10.0001654052887280
Contact force history10.0283348853036250
Contact force history10.0565043653185240
Contact force history10.0846738453334210
Contact force history10.1128433253483190
Contact force history10.1410128053632160
Contact force history10.1691822853781150
Contact force history10.1973517653930120
Contact force history10.2255212454079110
Contact force history10.253690725422810
Contact force history10.2818602054377080
Contact force history10.3100296854526050
Contact force history10.3381991654675020
Contact force history10.3663686454824010
Contact force history10.3945381254972990
Contact force history10.4227076055121960
Contact force history10.4508770855270930
Contact force history10.4790465655419920
Contact force history10.507216045556890
Contact force history10.5353855255717870
Contact force history10.5635550055866840
Contact force history10.5917244856015830
Contact force history10.619893965616480
Contact force history10.6480634456313780
Contact force history10.6762329256462750
Contact force history10.7044024056611740
Contact force history10.7325718856760730
Contact force history10.760741365690970
Contact force history10.7889108457058680
Contact force history10.8170803257207670
Contact force history10.8452498057356640
Contact force history10.8734192857505610
Contact force history10.9015887657654580
Contact force history10.9297582457803570
Contact force history10.9579277257952550
Contact force history10.9860972058101520
Contact force history11.014266685825050
Contact force history11.0424361658399480
Contact force history11.0706056458548460
Contact force history11.0987751258697430
Contact force history11.126944605884640
Contact force history11.155114085899540
Contact force history11.1832835659144370
Contact force history11.2114530459293360
Contact force history11.2396225259442330
Contact force history11.2677920059591320
Inputs, energy accounting and additional outputs
  • 30 plies / 3.75 mm
  • Specimen length: 150 mm
  • Specimen width: 100 mm
  • Support span X: 125 mm
  • Support span Y: 75 mm
  • Laminate density: 1600 kg/m³
  • Plate boundary: 0 —
  • Hertz contact coefficient: 10000 N/mm^1.5
  • Impactor mass: 2 kg
  • Impact speed: 0.8 m/s
  • Damping ratio: 0.01 —
Plate center displacement

Displacement (mm)

Recorded instructional case. Time (ms) versus Displacement (mm). Exact saved values are available in the table below.0.592900.44212.8170.29125.6340.14038.451-0.0105711.27

Time (ms)

View plotted values
Plate center displacement — recorded values
SeriesTime (ms)Displacement (mm)
Plate center displacement00
Plate center displacement0.0281694800148978260.00021553276778426284
Plate center displacement0.056338960029795650.002343059940439519
Plate center displacement0.084508440044693490.008995034163396093
Plate center displacement0.11267792005959130.022022211943170743
Plate center displacement0.140847400074489120.04136057043377037
Plate center displacement0.169016880089386980.06475580261745004
Plate center displacement0.197186360104284780.08849077128250221
Plate center displacement0.22535584011918260.10873916801613237
Plate center displacement0.25352532013408040.12295702487474151
Plate center displacement0.281694800148978240.1308616164467475
Plate center displacement0.309864280163876070.13471097667002677
Plate center displacement0.338033760178773960.1386424117126295
Plate center displacement0.36620324019367180.14704951063836147
Plate center displacement0.394372720208569560.16255122020020332
Plate center displacement0.42254220022346740.18460828547341415
Plate center displacement0.45071168023836520.2096550268380945
Plate center displacement0.478881160253263050.23273203673727758
Plate center displacement0.50705064026816080.24975102590646056
Plate center displacement0.53522012028305870.2593295773340438
Plate center displacement0.56338960029795650.26347265051123087
Plate center displacement0.59155908031285430.26678750406980584
Plate center displacement0.61972856032775210.27437918270821204
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Plate center displacement10.338199165467502-0.0026753598640793788
Plate center displacement10.366368645482401-0.0012621490219292765
Plate center displacement10.3945381254972990.0003294728652587918
Plate center displacement10.4227076055121960.001859265281664943
Plate center displacement10.4508770855270930.0030981359132199134
Plate center displacement10.4790465655419920.003862433404931649
Plate center displacement10.507216045556890.004041154000598952
Plate center displacement10.5353855255717870.0036120343527451058
Plate center displacement10.5635550055866840.0026442019687283286
Plate center displacement10.5917244856015830.001287090153429565
Plate center displacement10.61989396561648-0.00025261214510517916
Plate center displacement10.648063445631378-0.0017424233752603277
Plate center displacement10.676232925646275-0.002959158230142249
Plate center displacement10.704402405661174-0.0037223483618426304
Plate center displacement10.732571885676073-0.003920992550617338
Plate center displacement10.76074136569097-0.003529673884619917
Plate center displacement10.788910845705868-0.002611708017107749
Plate center displacement10.817080325720767-0.0013089509714930476
Plate center displacement10.8452498057356640.00018010016408487125
Plate center displacement10.8734192857505610.001630536154547308
Plate center displacement10.9015887657654580.00282499292217392
Plate center displacement10.9297582457803570.0035862123054004776
Plate center displacement10.9579277257952550.003803330799681235
Plate center displacement10.9860972058101520.003447999980514807
Plate center displacement11.014266685825050.0025779985727586506
Plate center displacement11.0424361658399480.0013278914489227114
Plate center displacement11.070605645854846-0.00011176185367559556
Plate center displacement11.098775125869743-0.0015234398450090269
Plate center displacement11.12694460588464-0.0026955119982900785
Plate center displacement11.15511408589954-0.0034539519570108966
Plate center displacement11.183283565914437-0.0036881607526544507
Plate center displacement11.211453045929336-0.00336707062053256
Plate center displacement11.239622525944233-0.0025431883766229117
Plate center displacement11.267792005959132-0.0013440654267989373
Incident kinetic energy
0.6400000000000001 J
Peak contact force
1657.8837108793787 N
Peak plate displacement
0.5937270018352213 mm
Peak local indentation
0.3017885161331177 mm
Plate modal stiffness
2704.0748731261747 N/mm
Plate modal mass
0.014062500000000007 kg
Plate first-mode frequency
2206.97909894004 Hz
Final scalar stiffness damage
0 —
Maximum relative energy-balance error
5.5600767046026776e-8 %
First contact duration
3.3576836882712047 ms
Striker velocity at separation
-0.7982351639092937 m/s
  • First plate mode with CLT bending stiffness and Hertz elastic contact. Symmetric specially orthotropic thin plate, center strike, supplied density and indentation coefficient. Force, displacement and energy histories; higher modes, membrane stiffening, permanent indentation and damage are excluded. ASTM D7136 is a method reference, not a compliance claim.
  • First plate mode and a single first strike. Higher modes, transverse shear, membrane stiffening, local stresses, indentation plasticity, delamination area, penetration and residual CAI strength are not predicted.
  • Gravity is omitted during short contact; enter measured incident speed. After separation, an anti-rebound catcher is assumed to prevent a second strike.
Open this impact study in Workbench ↗

D7136-25 · Calibrated center impact damage

Calibrated irreversible scalar stiffness loss with separate contact, plate, damping and damage energy terms. The supplied teaching coefficients are hypothetical; no spatial damage footprint or CAI strength is predicted.

Contact force history

Force (N)

Recorded instructional case. Time (ms) versus Force (N). Exact saved values are available in the table below.1,36801,0262.817683.85.634341.98.451011.27

Time (ms)

View plotted values
Contact force history — recorded values
SeriesTime (ms)Force (N)
Contact force history00
Contact force history0.02816948001489782633.34333601445945
Contact force history0.0563389600297956588.29441366512825
Contact force history0.08450844004469349141.81480157232514
Contact force history0.1126779200595913177.65491122910376
Contact force history0.14084740007448912190.27193286514435
Contact force history0.16901688008938698186.6974637831166
Contact force history0.19718636010428478181.46806859289524
Contact force history0.2253558401191826189.4011825836163
Contact force history0.2535253201340804221.34800145224708
Contact force history0.28169480014897824281.95959397079486
Contact force history0.30986428016387607366.01719152781396
Contact force history0.33803376017877396455.8783146621223
Contact force history0.3662032401936718526.8168611677467
Contact force history0.39437272020856956560.6479952512367
Contact force history0.4225422002234674557.8398751672614
Contact force history0.4507116802383652537.6582620768596
Contact force history0.47888116025326305526.9090030872588
Contact force history0.5070506402681608547.1314071009948
Contact force history0.5352201202830587606.9307551792037
Contact force history0.5633896002979565698.358334307135
Contact force history0.5915590803128543797.168765133869
Contact force history0.6197285603277521871.7773782297139
Contact force history0.6478980403426501899.1294614719317
Contact force history0.6760675203575479877.0889295007737
Contact force history0.7042370003724457826.5449915496919
Contact force history0.7324064803873436779.0859733325227
Contact force history0.7605759604022413761.7839056765024
Contact force history0.7887454404171391788.1115619932075
Contact force history0.816914920432037854.9271557432363
Contact force history0.8450844004469348942.7427865402782
Contact force history0.87325388046183261021.010210520243
Contact force history0.90142336047673041060.976022495141
Contact force history0.92959284049162831051.0934435843865
Contact force history0.95776232050652611003.9254799089038
Contact force history0.9859318005214239948.9135174965513
Contact force history1.0141012805363216917.06456919428
Contact force history1.0422707605512196927.9400123719349
Contact force history1.0704402405661173983.3466601889376
Contact force history1.09860972058101521066.4254532940577
Contact force history1.1267792005959131146.5399232114487
Contact force history1.1549486806108111192.1378272662691
Contact force history1.18311816062570861187.5424175521987
Contact force history1.21128764064060631142.3607846110351
Contact force history1.23945712065550431085.8418818295447
Contact force history1.2676266006704021050.8366578255866
Contact force history1.29579608068530021058.6702923659557
Contact force history1.32396556070019791111.2769496006026
Contact force history1.35213504071509581190.3413359344972
Contact force history1.38030452072999351263.557593216029
Contact force history1.40847400074489151299.622040737571
Contact force history1.43664348075978921285.8053950441752
Contact force history1.46481296077468711235.073705221454
Contact force history1.49298244078958491178.3379837060359
Contact force history1.52115192080448261147.4239502954526
Contact force history1.54932140081938051160.2860670902
Contact force history1.57749088083427821214.198342293899
Contact force history1.60566036084917621286.6041348640613
Contact force history1.6338298408640741344.2610494617932
Contact force history1.66199932087897181360.1336072081422
Contact force history1.69016880089386961329.2102055209516
Contact force history1.71833828090876751271.2991597010694
Contact force history1.74650776092366521218.2819372543956
Contact force history1.7746772409385631197.287039605564
Contact force history1.80284672095346091218.8270933434003
Contact force history1.83101620096835861272.8625699675913
Contact force history1.85918568098325651332.7630970508394
Contact force history1.88735516099815431367.5952686396242
Contact force history1.91552464101305221358.8332598338432
Contact force history1.943694121027951311.2787202578722
Contact force history1.97186360104284791249.7723615859531
Contact force history2.00003308105774561204.4710961078479
Contact force history2.02820256107264331195.4380835135323
Contact force history2.05637204108754151224.2604542539973
Contact force history2.0845415211024391273.8767917344983
Contact force history2.1127110011173371316.0994053405695
Contact force history2.14088048113223461325.5968848110492
Contact force history2.16904996114713231294.0448277336625
Contact force history2.19721944116203051234.798006304667
Contact force history2.2253889211769281174.4875336940654
Contact force history2.2535584011918261138.1846140399732
Contact force history2.28172788120672371137.6913861357166
Contact force history2.3098973612216221167.2205664599167
Contact force history2.33806684123651951206.2326612957725
Contact force history2.36623632125141731228.7914616306762
Contact force history2.3944058012663151216.861148219693
Contact force history2.42257528128121271170.345535616831
Contact force history2.4507447612961111106.6831228657575
Contact force history2.47891424131100861050.4320854371556
Contact force history2.50708372132590631020.5528393952923
Contact force history2.5352532013408041022.4418799535256
Contact force history2.56342268135570261046.494330813997
Contact force history2.59159216137060031072.4334049026083
Contact force history2.6197616413854981078.598304196418
Contact force history2.64793112140039581053.0164282047626
Contact force history2.6761006014152935999.7983356784995
Contact force history2.7042700814301917936.2561267317017
Contact force history2.7324395614450894883.0592261108134
Contact force history2.760609041459987854.2835136799466
Contact force history2.788778521474885852.1620680285284
Contact force history2.816948001489783867.0128042479465
Contact force history2.8451174815046807881.4291473634224
Contact force history2.8732869615195784877.9854908988605
Contact force history2.901456441534476847.7912504562756
Contact force history2.9296259215493743794.9409484510197
Contact force history2.957795401564272733.7251289734152
Contact force history2.9859648815791697680.7659385942859
Contact force history3.0141343615940674647.414891506542
Contact force history3.042303841608965635.94154592827
Contact force history3.0704733216238633639.5770604896685
Contact force history3.098642801638761645.3970272701469
Contact force history3.1268122816536588639.5530870821619
Contact force history3.1549817616685565613.486400089105
Contact force history3.1831512416834546567.9454159029025
Contact force history3.2113207216983524512.1096205769082
Contact force history3.23949020171325458.48213133833497
Contact force history3.267659681728148417.10190039135625
Contact force history3.2958291617430455392.17711568240685
Contact force history3.3239986417579437381.6261116011649
Contact force history3.3521681217728414378.435906016338
Contact force history3.380337601787739373.17229991788025
Contact force history3.408507081802637357.46396913070646
Contact force history3.436676561817535327.45730057719516
Contact force history3.4648460418324327285.3516090651367
Contact force history3.4930155218473304237.9205402209633
Contact force history3.521185001862228192.9965276755902
Contact force history3.549354481877126156.1883894987511
Contact force history3.577523961892024129.46317412580584
Contact force history3.6056934419069218111.55961748096902
Contact force history3.633862921921819599.18694542145553
Contact force history3.66203240193671788.22856860624316
Contact force history3.690201881951615474.90541515118866
Contact force history3.71837136196651357.01755453441976
Contact force history3.74654084198141135.00409059753949
Contact force history3.774710321996308512.562757687848753
Contact force history3.80287980201120670
Contact force history3.83104928202610440
Contact force history3.8592187620410020
Contact force history3.88738824205590
Contact force history3.9155577220707980
Contact force history3.94372720208569570
Contact force history3.9718966821005940
Contact force history4.0000661621154910
Contact force history4.0282356421303890
Contact force history4.0564051221452870
Contact force history4.0845746021601850
Contact force history4.1127440821750830
Contact force history4.1409135621899810
Contact force history4.1690830422048780
Contact force history4.19725252221977650
Contact force history4.2254220022346740
Contact force history4.2535914822495720
Contact force history4.2817609622644690
Contact force history4.3099304422793670
Contact force history4.3380999222942650
Contact force history4.3662694023091640
Contact force history4.3944388823240610
Contact force history4.4226083623389590
Contact force history4.4507778423538560
Contact force history4.4789473223687550
Contact force history4.5071168023836520
Contact force history4.535286282398550
Contact force history4.5634557624134470
Contact force history4.59162524242834550
Contact force history4.6197947224432440
Contact force history4.6479642024581420
Contact force history4.6761336824730390
Contact force history4.7043031624879370
Contact force history4.73247264250283450
Contact force history4.7606421225177330
Contact force history4.788811602532630
Contact force history4.8169810825475280
Contact force history4.8451505625624250
Contact force history4.8733200425773240
Contact force history4.9014895225922220
Contact force history4.929659002607120
Contact force history4.9578284826220170
Contact force history4.9859979626369150
Contact force history5.0141674426518130
Contact force history5.0423369226667110
Contact force history5.0705064026816080
Contact force history5.0986758826965060
Contact force history5.1268453627114050
Contact force history5.15501484272630250
Contact force history5.1831843227412010
Contact force history5.2113538027560980
Contact force history5.2395232827709960
Contact force history5.2676927627858930
Contact force history5.29586224280079150
Contact force history5.3240317228156890
Contact force history5.3522012028305870
Contact force history5.3803706828454850
Contact force history5.4085401628603830
Contact force history5.4367096428752810
Contact force history5.4648791228901790
Contact force history5.4930486029050760
Contact force history5.5212180829199740
Contact force history5.54938756293487150
Contact force history5.577557042949770
Contact force history5.6057265229646680
Contact force history5.6338960029795660
Contact force history5.6620654829944630
Contact force history5.6902349630093610
Contact force history5.7184044430242590
Contact force history5.7465739230391570
Contact force history5.7747434030540540
Contact force history5.8029128830689520
Contact force history5.83108236308384950
Contact force history5.8592518430987490
Contact force history5.8874213231136460
Contact force history5.9155908031285440
Contact force history5.9437602831434410
Contact force history5.97192976315833950
Contact force history6.0000992431732370
Contact force history6.0282687231881350
Contact force history6.0564382032030320
Contact force history6.084607683217930
Contact force history6.11277716323282850
Contact force history6.1409466432477270
Contact force history6.1691161232626240
Contact force history6.1972856032775220
Contact force history6.2254550832924190
Contact force history6.25362456330731750
Contact force history6.2817940433222150
Contact force history6.3099635233371130
Contact force history6.338133003352010
Contact force history6.3663024833669090
Contact force history6.3944719633818070
Contact force history6.4226414433967050
Contact force history6.4508109234116020
Contact force history6.47898040342650
Contact force history6.5071498834413970
Contact force history6.5353193634562960
Contact force history6.5634888434711930
Contact force history6.5916583234860910
Contact force history6.6198278035009890
Contact force history6.6479972835158870
Contact force history6.6761667635307850
Contact force history6.7043362435456830
Contact force history6.732505723560580
Contact force history6.7606752035754780
Contact force history6.7888446835903760
Contact force history6.8170141636052740
Contact force history6.8451836436201720
Contact force history6.873353123635070
Contact force history6.9015226036499680
Contact force history6.9296920836648650
Contact force history6.9578615636797640
Contact force history6.9860310436946610
Contact force history7.0142005237095590
Contact force history7.0423700037244560
Contact force history7.07053948373935450
Contact force history7.0987089637542520
Contact force history7.1268784437691510
Contact force history7.1550479237840480
Contact force history7.1832174037989460
Contact force history7.21138688381384350
Contact force history7.2395563638287420
Contact force history7.2677258438436390
Contact force history7.2958953238585370
Contact force history7.3240648038734340
Contact force history7.3522342838883330
Contact force history7.3804037639032310
Contact force history7.4085732439181290
Contact force history7.4367427239330260
Contact force history7.4649122039479240
Contact force history7.4930816839628220
Contact force history7.521251163977720
Contact force history7.5494206439926170
Contact force history7.5775901240075150
Contact force history7.6057596040224130
Contact force history7.63392908403731150
Contact force history7.6620985640522090
Contact force history7.6902680440671070
Contact force history7.7184375240820040
Contact force history7.7466070040969020
Contact force history7.77477648411180
Contact force history7.8029459641266980
Contact force history7.8311154441415960
Contact force history7.8592849241564940
Contact force history7.8874544041713910
Contact force history7.9156238841862890
Contact force history7.9437933642011880
Contact force history7.9719628442160850
Contact force history8.0001323242309820
Contact force history8.028301804245880
Contact force history8.0564712842607790
Contact force history8.0846407642756760
Contact force history8.1128102442905730
Contact force history8.140979724305470
Contact force history8.169149204320370
Contact force history8.1973186843352670
Contact force history8.2254881643501660
Contact force history8.2536576443650630
Contact force history8.2818271243799620
Contact force history8.309996604394860
Contact force history8.3381660844097570
Contact force history8.3663355644246540
Contact force history8.3945050444395530
Contact force history8.422674524454450
Contact force history8.4508440044693480
Contact force history8.4790134844842450
Contact force history8.5071829644991440
Contact force history8.5353524445140410
Contact force history8.5635219245289380
Contact force history8.5916914045438380
Contact force history8.6198608845587350
Contact force history8.6480303645736320
Contact force history8.676199844588530
Contact force history8.7043693246034280
Contact force history8.7325388046183270
Contact force history8.7607082846332250
Contact force history8.7888777646481220
Contact force history8.8170472446630210
Contact force history8.8452167246779180
Contact force history8.8733862046928160
Contact force history8.9015556847077130
Contact force history8.9297251647226120
Contact force history8.957894644737510
Contact force history8.9860641247524060
Contact force history9.0142336047673040
Contact force history9.0424030847822030
Contact force history9.07057256479710
Contact force history9.0987420448119970
Contact force history9.1269115248268950
Contact force history9.1550810048417940
Contact force history9.1832504848566910
Contact force history9.2114199648715880
Contact force history9.2395894448864870
Contact force history9.2677589249013860
Contact force history9.2959284049162840
Contact force history9.324097884931180
Contact force history9.3522673649460780
Contact force history9.3804368449609770
Contact force history9.4086063249758740
Contact force history9.4367758049907720
Contact force history9.4649452850056690
Contact force history9.4931147650205680
Contact force history9.5212842450354650
Contact force history9.5494537250503630
Contact force history9.577623205065260
Contact force history9.6057926850801590
Contact force history9.6339621650950560
Contact force history9.6621316451099530
Contact force history9.690301125124850
Contact force history9.718470605139750
Contact force history9.7466400851546490
Contact force history9.7748095651695460
Contact force history9.8029790451844430
Contact force history9.8311485251993420
Contact force history9.859318005214240
Contact force history9.8874874852291370
Contact force history9.9156569652440340
Contact force history9.9438264452589330
Contact force history9.971995925273830
Contact force history10.0001654052887280
Contact force history10.0283348853036250
Contact force history10.0565043653185240
Contact force history10.0846738453334210
Contact force history10.1128433253483190
Contact force history10.1410128053632160
Contact force history10.1691822853781150
Contact force history10.1973517653930120
Contact force history10.2255212454079110
Contact force history10.253690725422810
Contact force history10.2818602054377080
Contact force history10.3100296854526050
Contact force history10.3381991654675020
Contact force history10.3663686454824010
Contact force history10.3945381254972990
Contact force history10.4227076055121960
Contact force history10.4508770855270930
Contact force history10.4790465655419920
Contact force history10.507216045556890
Contact force history10.5353855255717870
Contact force history10.5635550055866840
Contact force history10.5917244856015830
Contact force history10.619893965616480
Contact force history10.6480634456313780
Contact force history10.6762329256462750
Contact force history10.7044024056611740
Contact force history10.7325718856760730
Contact force history10.760741365690970
Contact force history10.7889108457058680
Contact force history10.8170803257207670
Contact force history10.8452498057356640
Contact force history10.8734192857505610
Contact force history10.9015887657654580
Contact force history10.9297582457803570
Contact force history10.9579277257952550
Contact force history10.9860972058101520
Contact force history11.014266685825050
Contact force history11.0424361658399480
Contact force history11.0706056458548460
Contact force history11.0987751258697430
Contact force history11.126944605884640
Contact force history11.155114085899540
Contact force history11.1832835659144370
Contact force history11.2114530459293360
Contact force history11.2396225259442330
Contact force history11.2677920059591320
Inputs, energy accounting and additional outputs
  • 30 plies / 3.75 mm
  • Specimen length: 150 mm
  • Specimen width: 100 mm
  • Support span X: 125 mm
  • Support span Y: 75 mm
  • Laminate density: 1600 kg/m³
  • Plate boundary: 0 —
  • Hertz contact coefficient: 10000 N/mm^1.5
  • Impactor mass: 2 kg
  • Impact speed: 0.8 m/s
  • Damping ratio: 0.02 —
  • Damage onset energy: 0.1 J
  • Damage softening energy: 0.15 J
  • Maximum damage: 0.3 —
Plate center displacement

Displacement (mm)

Recorded instructional case. Time (ms) versus Displacement (mm). Exact saved values are available in the table below.0.684500.50632.8170.32825.6340.158.451-0.028211.27

Time (ms)

View plotted values
Plate center displacement — recorded values
SeriesTime (ms)Displacement (mm)
Plate center displacement00
Plate center displacement0.0281694800148978260.0002151609704952974
Plate center displacement0.056338960029795650.002335111425989515
Plate center displacement0.084508440044693490.008950630813476395
Plate center displacement0.11267792005959130.021883914124279785
Plate center displacement0.140847400074489120.04105714741324681
Plate center displacement0.169016880089386980.06423745625776735
Plate center displacement0.197186360104284780.08776868639262365
Plate center displacement0.22535584011918260.10790891453836068
Plate center displacement0.25352532013408040.1221907339785574
Plate center displacement0.281694800148978240.1303606088502266
Plate center displacement0.309864280163876070.13462130607234077
Plate center displacement0.338033760178773960.13896137021588387
Plate center displacement0.36620324019367180.14757968949161776
Plate center displacement0.394372720208569560.1629534742752101
Plate center displacement0.42254220022346740.18454941093111132
Plate center displacement0.45071168023836520.208977876916124
Plate center displacement0.478881160253263050.23155494974063784
Plate center displacement0.50705064026816080.24844339254643957
Plate center displacement0.53522012028305870.25836817685815905
Plate center displacement0.56338960029795650.26322539544865303
Plate center displacement0.59155908031285430.2673086820880962
Plate center displacement0.61972856032775210.27533358054857565
Plate center displacement0.64789804034265010.29030688812600863
Plate center displacement0.67606752035754790.3123097590691273
Plate center displacement0.70423700037244570.3383309189446799
Plate center displacement0.73240648038734360.3637000095240755
Plate center displacement0.76057596040224130.3841350549738122
Plate center displacement0.78874544041713910.3974386533156486
Plate center displacement0.8169149204320370.40429724092154473
Plate center displacement0.84508440044693480.4079921294946313
Plate center displacement0.87325388046183260.4130734077676407
Plate center displacement0.90142336047673040.42339838875672176
Plate center displacement0.92959284049162830.4403620162516706
Plate center displacement0.95776232050652610.4622299521573656
Plate center displacement0.98593180052142390.4849507711862074
Plate center displacement1.01410128053632160.5040109613170386
Plate center displacement1.04227076055121960.5164197221296318
Plate center displacement1.07044024056611730.5219836417372204
Plate center displacement1.09860972058101520.5233996503096197
Plate center displacement1.1267792005959130.5251030256192261
Plate center displacement1.1549486806108110.5312622805603976
Plate center displacement1.18311816062570860.5437897192142651
Plate center displacement1.21128764064060630.5613920479296979
Plate center displacement1.23945712065550430.5802049116844689
Plate center displacement1.2676266006704020.5956735528727812
Plate center displacement1.29579608068530020.604700205767061
Plate center displacement1.32396556070019790.6070571073939197
Plate center displacement1.35213504071509580.605488283912574
Plate center displacement1.38030452072999350.6044612401519235
Plate center displacement1.40847400074489150.6079888746744548
Plate center displacement1.43664348075978920.617593096251912
Plate center displacement1.46481296077468710.6316124099495487
Plate center displacement1.49298244078958490.6460506790682584
Plate center displacement1.52115192080448260.6565884576568378
Plate center displacement1.54932140081938050.6606857907911202
Plate center displacement1.57749088083427820.6587696256010634
Plate center displacement1.60566036084917620.6540304842467369
Plate center displacement1.6338298408640740.6508768229505607
Plate center displacement1.66199932087897180.6526878245751904
Plate center displacement1.69016880089386960.6600464313278205
Plate center displacement1.71833828090876750.6704755055266622
Plate center displacement1.74650776092366520.6798580920656394
Plate center displacement1.7746772409385630.6845087544459239
Plate center displacement1.80284672095346090.6829464773137798
Plate center displacement1.83101620096835860.6765914173702656
Plate center displacement1.85918568098325650.6690664844990293
Plate center displacement1.88735516099815430.6643647306137459
Plate center displacement1.91552464101305220.6647833586834965
Plate center displacement1.943694121027950.6697323195254784
Plate center displacement1.97186360104284790.6760938605883517
Plate center displacement2.00003308105774560.6799011106433315
Plate center displacement2.02820256107264330.6783725341039768
Plate center displacement2.05637204108754150.6712623791340382
Plate center displacement2.0845415211024390.6609335040506845
Plate center displacement2.1127110011173370.6511529742932158
Plate center displacement2.14088048113223460.6451719378036368
Plate center displacement2.16904996114713230.6440515668954722
Plate center displacement2.19721944116203050.6461465185272967
Plate center displacement2.2253889211769280.6480232937692189
Plate center displacement2.2535584011918260.6462595972322446
Plate center displacement2.28172788120672370.6391431621096142
Plate center displacement2.3098973612216220.6274611019739084
Plate center displacement2.33806684123651950.6140684049413743
Plate center displacement2.36623632125141730.6024558708975017
Plate center displacement2.3944058012663150.5949937606419561
Plate center displacement2.42257528128121270.5917460560568781
Plate center displacement2.4507447612961110.5904934560685076
Plate center displacement2.47891424131100860.5879227587598682
Plate center displacement2.50708372132590630.5812978268355672
Plate center displacement2.5352532013408040.5697555122156294
Plate center displacement2.56342268135570260.5546603264351906
Plate center displacement2.59159216137060030.538911133041422
Plate center displacement2.6197616413854980.5255274774101402
Plate center displacement2.64793112140039580.516178288700163
Plate center displacement2.67610060141529350.5103930550236395
Plate center displacement2.70427008143019170.5058602048574241
Plate center displacement2.73243956144508940.4996150176934623
Plate center displacement2.7606090414599870.489464223436289
Plate center displacement2.7887785214748850.47496313836214626
Plate center displacement2.8169480014897830.45755877398686684
Plate center displacement2.84511748150468070.43988826743725234
Plate center displacement2.87328696151957840.424550352181341
Plate center displacement2.9014564415344760.412904176394188
Plate center displacement2.92962592154937430.404473094099394
Plate center displacement2.9577954015642720.39723833796268193
Plate center displacement2.98596488157916970.3886329729498037
Plate center displacement3.01413436159406740.3767092574554876
Plate center displacement3.0423038416089650.36094778029150293
Plate center displacement3.07047332162386330.3424162815433452
Plate center displacement3.0986428016387610.323268835818118
Plate center displacement3.12681228165365880.3058071992434114
Plate center displacement3.15498176166855650.29149528546005177
Plate center displacement3.18315124168345460.2803615932764077
Plate center displacement3.21132072169835240.271056398226531
Plate center displacement3.239490201713250.2615017086633844
Plate center displacement3.2676596817281480.24978954772209216
Plate center displacement3.29582916174304550.2349231395242122
Plate center displacement3.32399864175794370.21713998417748975
Plate center displacement3.35216812177284140.19775801972594503
Plate center displacement3.3803376017877390.178641015023147
Plate center displacement3.4085070818026370.16148486788832803
Plate center displacement3.4366765618175350.14719218917855684
Plate center displacement3.46484604183243270.13558266121717055
Plate center displacement3.49301552184733040.1255443081497097
Plate center displacement3.5211850018622280.11552527626907749
Plate center displacement3.5493544818771260.10412450483606667
Plate center displacement3.5775239618920240.09054276131377306
Plate center displacement3.60569344190692180.07476937277995893
Plate center displacement3.63386292192181950.05750672786294515
Plate center displacement3.6620324019367170.03990743706285327
Plate center displacement3.69020188195161540.023221744611296412
Plate center displacement3.7183713619665130.008459326198145729
Plate center displacement3.746540841981411-0.0038312027860237827
Plate center displacement3.7747103219963085-0.013586222184183119
Plate center displacement3.8028798020112067-0.021012475247931935
Plate center displacement3.8310492820261044-0.026028408529442135
Plate center displacement3.859218762041002-0.028199499333204262
Plate center displacement3.8873882420559-0.027339044036358687
Plate center displacement3.915557722070798-0.023585517009496296
Plate center displacement3.9437272020856957-0.017382808034903083
Plate center displacement3.971896682100594-0.009428297423131633
Plate center displacement4.000066162115491-0.0005947875851529061
Plate center displacement4.0282356421303890.008165004175894566
Plate center displacement4.0564051221452870.015920967927777384
Plate center displacement4.0845746021601850.02186413053525534
Plate center displacement4.1127440821750830.02539077949591334
Plate center displacement4.1409135621899810.02616346132333177
Plate center displacement4.1690830422048780.024142728268332893
Plate center displacement4.19725252221977650.019586711888460725
Plate center displacement4.2254220022346740.01301906759442575
Plate center displacement4.2535914822495720.005169188345481321
Plate center displacement4.281760962264469-0.0031085267046911994
Plate center displacement4.309930442279367-0.010927441346696085
Plate center displacement4.338099922294265-0.017463440331208287
Plate center displacement4.366269402309164-0.02204157170968936
Plate center displacement4.394438882324061-0.024205488380158107
Plate center displacement4.422608362338959-0.02376257318410902
Plate center displacement4.450777842353856-0.02080032729776152
Plate center displacement4.478947322368755-0.015672725187128363
Plate center displacement4.507116802383652-0.008958452352579842
Plate center displacement4.53528628239855-0.0013959015190444881
Plate center displacement4.5634557624134470.0061978018535846086
Plate center displacement4.59162524242834550.013014888747135377
Plate center displacement4.6197947224432440.01834267539283441
Plate center displacement4.6479642024581420.02163785448061564
Plate center displacement4.6761336824730390.022581628199334444
Plate center displacement4.7043031624879370.02111011893620978
Plate center displacement4.73247264250283450.017417207957915345
Plate center displacement4.7606421225177330.011929927754822234
Plate center displacement4.788811602532630.005259449599447672
Plate center displacement4.816981082547528-0.0018667448133985064
Plate center displacement4.845150562562425-0.008684005105131154
Plate center displacement4.873320042577324-0.014472378381747808
Plate center displacement4.901489522592222-0.018632454407629843
Plate center displacement4.92965900260712-0.02074722003614998
Plate center displacement4.957828482622017-0.020623564061948197
Plate center displacement4.985997962636915-0.01830933560581121
Plate center displacement5.014167442651813-0.014084521561164355
Plate center displacement5.042336922666711-0.008427882271091999
Plate center displacement5.070506402681608-0.0019629728767652445
Plate center displacement5.0986758826965060.004610391602983042
Plate center displacement5.1268453627114050.010591715846168729
Plate center displacement5.15501484272630250.015354304380791831
Plate center displacement5.1831843227412010.018410741381829798
Plate center displacement5.2113538027560980.019462548496288028
Plate center displacement5.2395232827709960.01842898687177641
Plate center displacement5.2676927627858930.015452264783927762
Plate center displacement5.29586224280079150.01087896303485151
Plate center displacement5.3240317228156890.0052200214938051635
Plate center displacement5.352201202830587-0.0009061270156864467
Plate center displacement5.380370682845485-0.006840968775675879
Plate center displacement5.408540162860383-0.01195653711089561
Plate center displacement5.436709642875281-0.015721697895126088
Plate center displacement5.464879122890179-0.01775711314219849
Plate center displacement5.493048602905076-0.017873215035099373
Plate center displacement5.521218082919974-0.016087416773808007
Plate center displacement5.5493875629348715-0.012619052458897426
Plate center displacement5.57755704294977-0.007862929228340058
Plate center displacement5.605726522964668-0.0023446349018253054
Plate center displacement5.6338960029795660.0033373647737449017
Plate center displacement5.6620654829944630.008576478833223546
Plate center displacement5.6902349630093610.012822603702983245
Plate center displacement5.7184044430242590.015639728921714273
Plate center displacement5.7465739230391570.016750520543291812
Plate center displacement5.7747434030540540.01606334445432628
Plate center displacement5.8029128830689520.013679129001449207
Plate center displacement5.83108236308384950.009877649923239697
Plate center displacement5.8592518430987490.005085014659993401
Plate center displacement5.887421323113646-0.00017390574347727722
Plate center displacement5.915590803128544-0.005332806816823655
Plate center displacement5.943760283143441-0.009844796811844437
Plate center displacement5.9719297631583395-0.013240235759739531
Plate center displacement6.000099243173237-0.015175465192301302
Plate center displacement6.028268723188135-0.015467389300132542
Plate center displacement6.056438203203032-0.014110450559083717
Plate center displacement6.08460768321793-0.011274468093841215
Plate center displacement6.1127771632328285-0.007283865275722246
Plate center displacement6.140946643247727-0.0025807833983507423
Plate center displacement6.1691161232626240.0023237473649353056
Plate center displacement6.1972856032775220.006905203556656545
Plate center displacement6.2254550832924190.010681539677816522
Plate center displacement6.25362456330731750.013263775854379685
Plate center displacement6.2817940433222150.014395907420523456
Plate center displacement6.3099635233371130.013980059180965697
Plate center displacement6.338133003352010.012084438963011044
Plate center displacement6.3663024833669090.008933511587180979
Plate center displacement6.3944719633818070.004881713505784349
Plate center displacement6.4226414433967050.00037375768074088077
Plate center displacement6.450810923411602-0.004104043416236887
Plate center displacement6.4789804034265-0.00807612258272319
Plate center displacement6.507149883441397-0.01112804881106943
Plate center displacement6.535319363456296-0.012949637596204386
Plate center displacement6.563488843471193-0.013366310446808624
Plate center displacement6.591658323486091-0.012355551950458626
Plate center displacement6.619827803500989-0.010046945882723264
Plate center displacement6.647997283515887-0.006706041102971491
Plate center displacement6.676166763530785-0.0027040131464552302
Plate center displacement6.7043362435456830.0015234329976713823
Plate center displacement6.732505723560580.005523383080990326
Plate center displacement6.7606752035754780.00887412967914704
Plate center displacement6.7888446835903760.011229520063555756
Plate center displacement6.8170141636052740.012354584313834254
Plate center displacement6.8451836436201720.012148791235333946
Plate center displacement6.873353123635070.010654651558623092
Plate center displacement6.9015226036499680.008050980983139819
Plate center displacement6.9296920836648650.0046317770957271616
Plate center displacement6.9578615636797640.000773178791894256
Plate center displacement6.986031043694661-0.00310779449634976
Plate center displacement7.014200523709559-0.006598209895059569
Plate center displacement7.042370003724456-0.009333056596010428
Plate center displacement7.0705394837393545-0.011033307171361324
Plate center displacement7.098708963754252-0.011534247919693548
Plate center displacement7.126878443769151-0.01080121731003495
Plate center displacement7.155047923784048-0.00893127458900118
Plate center displacement7.183217403798946-0.00614083929260122
Plate center displacement7.2113868838138435-0.002740833204711702
Plate center displacement7.2395563638287420.0008978388259901506
Plate center displacement7.2677258438436390.004384649697775339
Plate center displacement7.2958953238585370.007351271175955679
Plate center displacement7.3240648038734340.009490386681302117
Plate center displacement7.3522342838883330.010587416201638191
Plate center displacement7.3804037639032310.010541890540156348
Plate center displacement7.4085732439181290.009376363076710584
Plate center displacement7.4367427239330260.007232104844975944
Plate center displacement7.4649122039479240.004352245485741323
Plate center displacement7.4930816839628220.0010543469926140114
Plate center displacement7.52125116397772-0.0023045102385876822
Plate center displacement7.549420643992617-0.0053663012720909994
Plate center displacement7.577590124007515-0.007810132880352171
Plate center displacement7.605759604022413-0.009385782009762898
Plate center displacement7.6339290840373115-0.009939201343356475
Plate center displacement7.662098564052209-0.009427405003751837
Plate center displacement7.690268044067107-0.007921316542844697
Plate center displacement7.718437524082004-0.005596463074788577
Plate center displacement7.746607004096902-0.0027126932850448904
Plate center displacement7.77477648411180.0004147543397164627
Plate center displacement7.8029459641266980.003449623225076294
Plate center displacement7.8311154441415960.006070711973454625
Plate center displacement7.8592849241564940.008005787853809595
Plate center displacement7.8874544041713910.009059768659822352
Plate center displacement7.9156238841862890.009134265785377545
Plate center displacement7.9437933642011880.008236544825382984
Plate center displacement7.9719628442160850.006477115166009657
Plate center displacement8.0001323242309820.004056381104760218
Plate center displacement8.028301804245880.001241943202862286
Plate center displacement8.056471284260779-0.0016608920847778915
Plate center displacement8.084640764275676-0.0043421540878467065
Plate center displacement8.112810244290573-0.006520233191197092
Plate center displacement8.14097972430547-0.007971379038018672
Plate center displacement8.16914920432037-0.008552590395520114
Plate center displacement8.197318684335267-0.008215565715236047
Plate center displacement8.225488164350166-0.007010369895017249
Plate center displacement8.253657644365063-0.005078586863886921
Plate center displacement8.281827124379962-0.002636848944009826
Plate center displacement8.309996604394860.000047356824729572957
Plate center displacement8.3381660844097570.0026849136359434773
Plate center displacement8.3663355644246540.00499614623919433
Plate center displacement8.3945050444395530.006740406818554985
Plate center displacement8.422674524454450.007741053184213821
Plate center displacement8.4508440044693480.007903235282471336
Plate center displacement8.4790134844842450.00722271063745567
Plate center displacement8.5071829644991440.005784890638129572
Plate center displacement8.5353524445140410.0037543705153741725
Plate center displacement8.5635219245289380.0013562036121746541
Plate center displacement8.591691404543838-0.001148961330173936
Plate center displacement8.619860884558735-0.003493141572128076
Plate center displacement8.648030364573632-0.0054296233034937715
Plate center displacement8.67619984458853-0.006758860028578895
Plate center displacement8.704369324603428-0.007348955083227432
Plate center displacement8.732538804618327-0.007148634753513118
Plate center displacement8.760708284633225-0.006191449246401038
Plate center displacement8.788877764648122-0.004590890906077012
Plate center displacement8.817047244663021-0.0025270894720587846
Plate center displacement8.845216724677918-0.00022662939015297067
Plate center displacement8.8733862046928160.002062258571628654
Plate center displacement8.9015556847077130.004096422310464811
Plate center displacement8.9297251647226120.005663559134021995
Plate center displacement8.957894644737510.00660430737166601
Plate center displacement8.9860641247524060.0068283673333079655
Plate center displacement9.0142336047673040.0063230303636632335
Plate center displacement9.0424030847822030.0051533269695263955
Plate center displacement9.07057256479710.0034539082059669448
Plate center displacement9.0987420448119970.0014136515737100351
Plate center displacement9.126911524826895-0.0007452592311858781
Plate center displacement9.155081004841794-0.0027914710107144244
Plate center displacement9.183250484856691-0.004509198365300972
Plate center displacement9.211419964871588-0.005720922469113033
Plate center displacement9.239589444886487-0.006305669819346832
Plate center displacement9.267758924901386-0.006210996272663664
Plate center displacement9.295928404916284-0.00545749993652763
Plate center displacement9.32409788493118-0.004135498978843136
Plate center displacement9.352267364946078-0.0023943490085228517
Plate center displacement9.380436844960977-0.00042564980753454857
Plate center displacement9.4086063249758740.001557778558344036
Plate center displacement9.4367758049907720.003344849612708331
Plate center displacement9.4649452850056690.004748624179665983
Plate center displacement9.4931147650205680.005625809507328105
Plate center displacement9.5212842450354650.0058913160394420145
Plate center displacement9.5494537250503630.005526400929363217
Plate center displacement9.577623205065260.004579631987632396
Plate center displacement9.6057926850801590.003160680894028956
Plate center displacement9.6339621650950560.0014277166884290827
Plate center displacement9.662131645109953-0.0004301610446989316
Plate center displacement9.69030112512485-0.0022135048694248835
Plate center displacement9.71847060513975-0.0037338831680057663
Plate center displacement9.746640085154649-0.004833741509074381
Plate center displacement9.774809565169546-0.005402673544637665
Plate center displacement9.802979045184443-0.005388427342723228
Plate center displacement9.831148525199342-0.004801558692185091
Plate center displacement9.85931800521424-0.003713335181043633
Plate center displacement9.887487485229137-0.002247218501949826
Plate center displacement9.915656965244034-0.000564930059904086
Plate center displacement9.9438264452589330.0011513347760362567
Plate center displacement9.971995925273830.0027185932661543542
Plate center displacement10.0001654052887280.0039725403886199445
Plate center displacement10.0283348853036250.004784726525144409
Plate center displacement10.0565043653185240.005075657047890334
Plate center displacement10.0846738453334210.004822484416126715
Plate center displacement10.1128433253483190.004060558871169905
Plate center displacement10.1410128053632160.00287876808827592
Plate center displacement10.1691822853781150.0014092575193598027
Plate center displacement10.197351765393012-0.00018728862515594172
Plate center displacement10.225521245407911-0.0017391721522073194
Plate center displacement10.25369072542281-0.0030821048631057978
Plate center displacement10.281860205437708-0.004076559139344081
Plate center displacement10.310029685452605-0.004622217238961366
Plate center displacement10.338199165467502-0.0046680281798391265
Plate center displacement10.366368645482401-0.004216871160972876
Plate center displacement10.394538125497299-0.0033244133710309356
Plate center displacement10.422707605512196-0.0020923736175299185
Plate center displacement10.450877085527093-0.0006569946488081537
Plate center displacement10.4790465655419920.0008259760427967282
Plate center displacement10.507216045556890.0021981461162617916
Plate center displacement10.5353855255717870.0033153580642734425
Plate center displacement10.5635550055866840.004062793898142479
Plate center displacement10.5917244856015830.004366726575888064
Plate center displacement10.619893965616480.004201720867094925
Plate center displacement10.6480634456313780.0035925886805725916
Plate center displacement10.6762329256462750.0026109723080146767
Plate center displacement10.7044024056611740.0013670021046229405
Plate center displacement10.732571885676073-0.0000030081587122639837
Plate center displacement10.76074136569097-0.0013514587357003984
Plate center displacement10.788910845705868-0.002535330194392933
Plate center displacement10.817080325720767-0.003431316791773808
Plate center displacement10.845249805735664-0.003948629467975382
Plate center displacement10.873419285750561-0.0040381435036894505
Plate center displacement10.901588765765458-0.0036969750243287026
Plate center displacement10.929758245780357-0.002968070691776158
Plate center displacement10.957927725795255-0.0019349315163724136
Plate center displacement10.986097205810152-0.0007121071382361743
Plate center displacement11.014266685825050.0005674632975009308
Plate center displacement11.0424361658399480.0017668689922419488
Plate center displacement11.0706056458548460.002759844045181136
Plate center displacement11.0987751258697430.003444025739250343
Plate center displacement11.126944605884640.0037514661321546767
Plate center displacement11.155114085899540.0036553220492830545
Plate center displacement11.1832835659144370.003172071513805548
Plate center displacement11.2114530459293360.002359090341106263
Plate center displacement11.2396225259442330.0013079184630915258
Plate center displacement11.2677920059591320.0001339986630089178
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage

Damage (—)

Recorded instructional case. Time (ms) versus Damage (—). Exact saved values are available in the table below.0.291500.21862.8170.14575.6340.072868.451011.27

Time (ms)

View plotted values
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage — recorded values
SeriesTime (ms)Damage (—)
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage00
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.0281694800148978260
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.056338960029795650
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.084508440044693490
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.11267792005959130
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.140847400074489120
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.169016880089386980
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.197186360104284780
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.22535584011918260
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.25352532013408040
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.281694800148978240
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.309864280163876070
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.338033760178773960
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.36620324019367180
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.394372720208569560
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.42254220022346740
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.45071168023836520
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.478881160253263050
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.50705064026816080
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.53522012028305870
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.56338960029795650
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.59155908031285430
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.61972856032775210.004950772598831679
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.64789804034265010.026636722902986295
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.67606752035754790.05743060624328642
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.70423700037244570.09176150386386223
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.73240648038734360.12264503915939373
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.76057596040224130.14546707406986223
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.78874544041713910.15929207745037496
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.8169149204320370.16609607054630235
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.84508440044693480.1696699650914912
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.87325388046183260.1744800472034002
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.90142336047673040.1838806636153053
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.92959284049162830.19824715214235034
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.95776232050652610.21483093289277008
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage0.98593180052142390.2298483381982735
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.01410128053632160.2408098423284026
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.04227076055121960.24719410884405346
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.07044024056611730.24987369363888606
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.09860972058101520.250538064417427
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.1267792005959130.2513279377762248
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.1549486806108110.2541002803476068
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.18311816062570860.2593472189727268
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.21128764064060630.265885618032367
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.23945712065550430.271889674477035
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.2676266006704020.2761403982864402
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.29579608068530020.278360478696192
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.32396556070019790.2789124263117154
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.35213504071509580.2789124263117154
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.38030452072999350.2789124263117154
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.40847400074489150.27912454709546336
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.43664348075978920.281225919194056
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.46481296077468710.2839674292377639
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.49298244078958490.28642341569244795
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.52115192080448260.2880034655774929
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.54932140081938050.2885731174716383
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.57749088083427820.2885794458853731
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.60566036084917620.2885794458853731
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.6338298408640740.2885794458853731
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.66199932087897180.2885794458853731
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.69016880089386960.2885794458853731
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.71833828090876750.2898395118887807
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.74650776092366520.29093602471883645
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.7746772409385630.29143987558876605
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.80284672095346090.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.83101620096835860.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.85918568098325650.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.88735516099815430.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.91552464101305220.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.943694121027950.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage1.97186360104284790.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.00003308105774560.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.02820256107264330.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.05637204108754150.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.0845415211024390.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.1127110011173370.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.14088048113223460.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.16904996114713230.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.19721944116203050.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.2253889211769280.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.2535584011918260.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.28172788120672370.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.3098973612216220.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.33806684123651950.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.36623632125141730.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.3944058012663150.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.42257528128121270.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.4507447612961110.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.47891424131100860.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.50708372132590630.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.5352532013408040.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.56342268135570260.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.59159216137060030.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.6197616413854980.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.64793112140039580.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.67610060141529350.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.70427008143019170.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.73243956144508940.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.7606090414599870.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.7887785214748850.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.8169480014897830.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.84511748150468070.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.87328696151957840.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.9014564415344760.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.92962592154937430.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.9577954015642720.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage2.98596488157916970.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.01413436159406740.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.0423038416089650.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.07047332162386330.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.0986428016387610.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.12681228165365880.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.15498176166855650.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.18315124168345460.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.21132072169835240.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.239490201713250.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.2676596817281480.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.29582916174304550.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.32399864175794370.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.35216812177284140.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.3803376017877390.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.4085070818026370.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.4366765618175350.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.46484604183243270.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.49301552184733040.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.5211850018622280.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.5493544818771260.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.5775239618920240.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.60569344190692180.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.63386292192181950.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.6620324019367170.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.69020188195161540.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.7183713619665130.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.7465408419814110.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.77471032199630850.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.80287980201120670.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.83104928202610440.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.8592187620410020.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.88738824205590.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.9155577220707980.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.94372720208569570.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage3.9718966821005940.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.0000661621154910.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.0282356421303890.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.0564051221452870.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.0845746021601850.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.1127440821750830.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.1409135621899810.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.1690830422048780.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.19725252221977650.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.2254220022346740.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.2535914822495720.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.2817609622644690.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.3099304422793670.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.3380999222942650.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.3662694023091640.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.3944388823240610.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.4226083623389590.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.4507778423538560.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.4789473223687550.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.5071168023836520.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.535286282398550.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.5634557624134470.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.59162524242834550.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.6197947224432440.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.6479642024581420.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.6761336824730390.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.7043031624879370.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.73247264250283450.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.7606421225177330.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.788811602532630.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.8169810825475280.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.8451505625624250.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.8733200425773240.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.9014895225922220.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.929659002607120.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.9578284826220170.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage4.9859979626369150.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.0141674426518130.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.0423369226667110.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.0705064026816080.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.0986758826965060.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.1268453627114050.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.15501484272630250.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.1831843227412010.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.2113538027560980.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.2395232827709960.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.2676927627858930.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.29586224280079150.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.3240317228156890.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.3522012028305870.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.3803706828454850.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.4085401628603830.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.4367096428752810.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.4648791228901790.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.4930486029050760.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.5212180829199740.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.54938756293487150.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.577557042949770.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.6057265229646680.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.6338960029795660.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.6620654829944630.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.6902349630093610.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.7184044430242590.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.7465739230391570.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.7747434030540540.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.8029128830689520.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.83108236308384950.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.8592518430987490.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.8874213231136460.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.9155908031285440.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.9437602831434410.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage5.97192976315833950.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.0000992431732370.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.0282687231881350.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.0564382032030320.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.084607683217930.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.11277716323282850.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.1409466432477270.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.1691161232626240.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.1972856032775220.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.2254550832924190.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.25362456330731750.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.2817940433222150.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.3099635233371130.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.338133003352010.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.3663024833669090.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.3944719633818070.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.4226414433967050.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.4508109234116020.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.47898040342650.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.5071498834413970.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.5353193634562960.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.5634888434711930.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.5916583234860910.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.6198278035009890.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.6479972835158870.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.6761667635307850.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.7043362435456830.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.732505723560580.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.7606752035754780.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.7888446835903760.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.8170141636052740.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.8451836436201720.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.873353123635070.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.9015226036499680.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.9296920836648650.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.9578615636797640.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage6.9860310436946610.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.0142005237095590.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.0423700037244560.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.07053948373935450.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.0987089637542520.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.1268784437691510.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.1550479237840480.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.1832174037989460.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.21138688381384350.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.2395563638287420.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.2677258438436390.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.2958953238585370.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.3240648038734340.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.3522342838883330.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.3804037639032310.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.4085732439181290.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.4367427239330260.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.4649122039479240.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.4930816839628220.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.521251163977720.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.5494206439926170.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.5775901240075150.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.6057596040224130.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.63392908403731150.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.6620985640522090.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.6902680440671070.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.7184375240820040.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.7466070040969020.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.77477648411180.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.8029459641266980.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.8311154441415960.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.8592849241564940.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.8874544041713910.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.9156238841862890.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.9437933642011880.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage7.9719628442160850.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.0001323242309820.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.028301804245880.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.0564712842607790.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.0846407642756760.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.1128102442905730.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.140979724305470.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.169149204320370.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.1973186843352670.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.2254881643501660.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.2536576443650630.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.2818271243799620.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.309996604394860.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.3381660844097570.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.3663355644246540.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.3945050444395530.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.422674524454450.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.4508440044693480.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.4790134844842450.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.5071829644991440.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.5353524445140410.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.5635219245289380.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.5916914045438380.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.6198608845587350.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.6480303645736320.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.676199844588530.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.7043693246034280.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.7325388046183270.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.7607082846332250.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.7888777646481220.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.8170472446630210.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.8452167246779180.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.8733862046928160.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.9015556847077130.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.9297251647226120.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.957894644737510.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage8.9860641247524060.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.0142336047673040.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.0424030847822030.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.07057256479710.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.0987420448119970.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.1269115248268950.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.1550810048417940.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.1832504848566910.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.2114199648715880.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.2395894448864870.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.2677589249013860.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.2959284049162840.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.324097884931180.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.3522673649460780.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.3804368449609770.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.4086063249758740.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.4367758049907720.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.4649452850056690.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.4931147650205680.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.5212842450354650.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.5494537250503630.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.577623205065260.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.6057926850801590.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.6339621650950560.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.6621316451099530.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.690301125124850.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.718470605139750.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.7466400851546490.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.7748095651695460.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.8029790451844430.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.8311485251993420.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.859318005214240.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.8874874852291370.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.9156569652440340.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.9438264452589330.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage9.971995925273830.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.0001654052887280.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.0283348853036250.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.0565043653185240.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.0846738453334210.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.1128433253483190.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.1410128053632160.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.1691822853781150.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.1973517653930120.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.2255212454079110.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.253690725422810.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.2818602054377080.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.3100296854526050.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.3381991654675020.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.3663686454824010.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.3945381254972990.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.4227076055121960.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.4508770855270930.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.4790465655419920.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.507216045556890.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.5353855255717870.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.5635550055866840.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.5917244856015830.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.619893965616480.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.6480634456313780.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.6762329256462750.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.7044024056611740.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.7325718856760730.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.760741365690970.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.7889108457058680.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.8170803257207670.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.8452498057356640.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.8734192857505610.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.9015887657654580.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.9297582457803570.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.9579277257952550.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage10.9860972058101520.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage11.014266685825050.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage11.0424361658399480.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage11.0706056458548460.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage11.0987751258697430.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage11.126944605884640.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage11.155114085899540.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage11.1832835659144370.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage11.2114530459293360.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage11.2396225259442330.29145942735402797
Irreversible scalar stiffness damage11.2677920059591320.29145942735402797
Incident kinetic energy
0.6400000000000001 J
Peak contact force
1369.807072147666 N
Peak plate displacement
0.6846940381020179 mm
Peak local indentation
0.26572939743496726 mm
Plate modal stiffness
2704.0748731261747 N/mm
Plate modal mass
0.014062500000000007 kg
Plate first-mode frequency
2206.97909894004 Hz
Final scalar stiffness damage
0.29145942735402797 —
Maximum relative energy-balance error
1.5785830975723056e-7 %
First contact duration
3.7988525653676 ms
Striker velocity at separation
-0.7515902817885314 m/s
  • Two-mass Hertz contact with irreversible calibrated scalar plate stiffness loss and explicit energy accounting. Supplied damage coefficients are illustrative until measured calibration. No damaged area, failure-mode map, penetration or residual CAI strength is predicted.
  • First plate mode and a single first strike. Higher modes, transverse shear, membrane stiffening, local stresses, indentation plasticity, delamination area, penetration and residual CAI strength are not predicted.
  • Gravity is omitted during short contact; enter measured incident speed. After separation, an anti-rebound catcher is assumed to prevent a second strike.
  • Scalar stiffness damage needs calibration to the same laminate, fixture, tip and environment. Supplied provenance: Case-supplied calibration coefficients; teaching defaults are hypothetical and require measured validation. It does not identify a failure mode or damaged area.
Open this impact study in Workbench ↗

Download all exact native chart values, readouts and case inputs ↗

The elastic branch predicts a contact pulse and modal plate motion. The damage branch requires explicit onset and softening energies; its irreversible scalar stiffness loss has a separate energy budget. Teaching calibration is visible. Neither branch predicts a delamination footprint, penetration or post-impact compressive strength.

Model references and scope

NASA TM 85703 ↗ provides a primary reference for laminate impact modeling. Singh and Mahajan, Composite Structures (2016) ↗ informs the damage-model comparison. CDS implements the reduced model documented with these cases, rather than every formulation in those publications.

Thin, symmetric, specially orthotropic rectangular plates are supported. Large deflection, indentation plasticity, spatial cracks and sandwich-core crushing are excluded. Use measured contact, damping and damage calibration for engineering application.

What this CDS case represents

Read the actual ASTM standard ↗

Measured impact-energy assessment. Contact history and damage area are excluded.

This analytical or measured-data model provides its own curves and metrics. Synchronized failure playback is not supported for the measured-energy reduction. The separate center-impact models above calculate force and modal plate-motion histories within their reduced-model scope.

Model basis · equation and interpretation

Eincident = mv²/2; Erebound = mvr²/2; XCAI = Ppeak/(wt).

m is striker mass, v measured incident speed, vr measured rebound speed, Ppeak measured CAI peak force, w coupon width and t thickness. Energy not returned includes losses other than damage. Retention is XCAI divided by matched pristine compressive strength, not an energy-to-strength prediction. No impact pulse or damage footprint is generated.

Instructional model comparison, not experimental validation or ASTM certification. Physical testing requires the licensed standard and a qualified test program.

Impact, indentation and residual strength

D7136 uses a drop-weight impact. D6264 uses quasi-static center indentation. D7137 assesses compression of a damaged plate from independent measured test data.

D7766/D7766M-23 ↗ supplies sandwich-specific modifications to the impact and indentation methods. The present thin-plate model does not resolve core crushing or qualify that physical test.

The referenced methods have polymer-composite material scopes. New metal and ceramic database classes do not imply qualification under those methods.